Muslim+contribution+to+sciences

Presently, Islam is rarely viewed as a country of inspiration and enlightenment. But if one looks back at the history of Muslims and their contributions to the sciences, etc. there are many indicators showing that Islam in fact contributed quite a lot to the present knowledge that we have. Medicine: Avicinna (980-1037) · He recognized the nature of phthisis and tuberculosis · Contributed to anatomy, gynecology, and child health · Avicinna was also the first to describe meningitis Rhazes (865-925 AD) · The most prolific Muslim doctor and wrote over 200 books on Greek medicine · Rhazes found treatment for kidney and bladder stones · Rhazes was also the first to introduce the use of alcohol for medical purposes as well as the first to use opium for anesthesia Albucasis (963-1013 AD) · He was a famous surgeon who performed Cesareans and was the first surgeon to use silk thread for stitching wounds Al-Idrisi · Contributed to topography by means of newly discovered medical plants Muhammad Ibn al-Baitar · He was one of the greatest scientists of Muslim Spain and one of the greatest botanists and pharmacists of the middle Ages. Al-Baitar had a profound influence on Eastern and Western botany and medicine. Mathematics: Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780 AD) · He was the founder of Modern Algebra · Al-Khwarizmi also developed sine, cosine, and trigonometrically tables · He solved x ^2+21=10 · Figured out the concept of zero · And amongst his many other achievements, Muhammad and a few of his colleagues were the first to map the globe Thabit Ibn Qurra · Established rules for manipulating algebraic expressions · Proved ax*bx-abx^2, a(bx)=(ab)x and (10-x)(10-x)=100+x^2-20x · Qurra also established x^nx^n=x^(m+n) Abu Yunus · Proved cos(a)cos(b)=[cos(a+b)+cos(a-b)]/2 Ghiyath al-Din al Kashani · Wrote on how to approximate sin(1) by solving the cubic equation Umar Khayyam · He criticized Euclid’s Theorems and evolved the methodology for the solution of third degree equations Abu Wafa Muhammad al-Buzanji · He was the first to show the generality of the sine theorem relative to spherical triangles · Al-Buzanji introduced the secant and cosecant for the first time Science: Abu Abdullah al-Battani (862-929) · Introduced the accurate 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes, 24 seconds · Also introduced the length of seasons and the true mean and orbit of the sun Abu al-Hassan al Haitham · Al Haitham was the first to discover the principle of inertia · He was known as the father of modern optics and also for the earliest use of a camera obscura Ibn Majid · Invented the compass Al-Biruni · He was the first known writer to identify certain geological facts and was the founder of geodesy Al-Sufi · He was the first to mark the nebula of Andromeda Al-Zarqali · Invented the astrolabe and measured the rate of a month Jabir ibn Aflah · He designed the first portable celestial sphere and introduced the new theory of stellar movements Philosophy: Ibn Sina · First to develop a complete philosophical system in Arabic Imam al-Ghazali · Considered the greatest figure in Islamic philosophy and was also a jurist, theologian, philosopher, and mystic · He portrayed the inability of reason to comprehend the absolute and the infinite · Was able to create a balance between religion and reason Ibn Rushd · He wrote about religion and philosophy · He influenced Medieval and Renaissance European History more than he did the Islamic World Ibn Khaldun · He laid the foundation of sociology Art: Calligriphical art moved from beautifying the Quran and texts to objects, houses and Mosques and eventually to Architecture. Geometry became a major art form by using the circle as a basis and generating patterns from repetition, symmetry and changing scale to create unusual effects. All of this art influenced other peoples. The Chinese were influenced in their vases and carpets. Medieval Europe was influenced in their arts and this could be seen in their arches. Cordoba in Spain portrays Islam art, along with the Taj Mahal in India and the Blue Mosque in Turkey. As is apparent from the above information, Islam contributed an assortment of knowledge that is very useful in the present modern world. They laid down the foundation of most ideologies that are used today and this is why that time period was known as the Golden Age of Islam.
 * __Muslim Contributions to Science, Philosophy, and the Arts__**