Medicine


 * Medicine**

Muslim physicians were responsible for many scientific advances in medicine. Muslim hospitals pioneered the practices of diagnosis, cure, and future prevention. Other hospitals in Europe were not this advanced yet. Islamic hospitals practiced hygine ahead of others too. Muslims led the world in pharmacology
 * Al-Razi, a 9th century Persian physician, made the first major Muslim contribution to medicine when he developed treatments for smallpox and measles. He also made significant observations about hay fever, kidney stones, and scabies, and first used opium as an anaesthetic
 * Ibn Sina earned his place as one of the greatest physicians in the world, with his most famous book used in European medical schools for centuries. He is credited with discovering the contagious nature of diseases like tuberculosis, which he correctly concluded could be transmitted through the air, and led to the introduction of quarantine as a means of limiting the spread of such infectious diseases

Medicine: Avicinna (980-1037) Rhazes (865-925 AD) Albucasis (963-1013 AD) Al-Idrisi Muhammad Ibn al-Baitar
 * He recognized the nature of phthisis and tuberculosis
 * Contributed to anatomy, gynecology, and child health
 * Avicinna was also the first to describe meningitis
 * The most prolific Muslim doctor and wrote over 200 books on Greek medicine
 * Rhazes found treatment for kidney and bladder stones
 * Rhazes was also the first to introduce the use of alcohol for medical purposes as well as the first to use opium for anesthesia
 * He was a famous surgeon who performed Cesareans and was the first surgeon to use silk thread for stitching wounds
 * Contributed to topography by means of newly discovered medical plants
 * He was one of the greatest scientists of Muslim Spain and one of the greatest botanists and pharmacists of the middle Ages. Al-Baitar had a profound influence on Eastern and Western botany and medicine.

Umar Khayyam Abu Wafa Muhammad al-Buzanji
 * He criticized Euclid’s Theorems and evolved the methodology for the solution of third degree equations
 * He was the first to show the generality of the sine theorem relative to spherical triangles
 * Al-Buzanji introduced the secant and cosecant for the first time